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Transduction in the context of sensation refers to the process by which sensory receptors convert different types of energy from the environment into neural signals that the brain can understand. This is essential for our perception of the world, as it allows us to interpret various stimuli, such as light, sound, and touch, in a way that our brain can process. For example, photoreceptors in the eyes convert light energy into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for visual processing. This fundamental process is central to how we experience and perceive our surroundings.

The other options relate to specific functions of the eye and visual processing but do not encompass the broader concept of transduction. Adjusting the pupil size and changing the shape to focus images on the retina are more about how we manage incoming sensory information rather than converting it into a neural format.