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The James-Lange Theory of emotion posits that emotions arise as a result of physiological responses to external stimuli. In this view, an individual first experiences a physiological reaction—such as a racing heart or sweating—and then interprets that reaction as an emotion. For example, if one sees a bear and their heart starts to race, they may interpret that physiological change as fear. This theory emphasizes the sequence where physiological responses precede emotional experience, reinforcing the notion that emotion is not solely a mental or cognitive process but is deeply intertwined with physical reactions.

The focus on physiological responses differentiates this theory from others that may suggest simultaneous occurrences or cognitive appraisal as a precursor to emotion.