AP Psychology Practice Test

What effect do depressants have on the body?

1. Increase neural activity and speed up body functions

2. Cause hallucinations and alter perceptions

3. Reduce neural activity and slow body functions

4. Trigger a variety of mild euphoric effects

The correct answer is: Reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Depressants are substances that function by slowing down the activity of the central nervous system. This reduction in neural activity leads to various physiological and psychological effects, including a decrease in heart rate, lower blood pressure, and relaxation of muscles. As a result, the overall body functions exhibit a calming effect, which is often associated with feelings of sedation and relief from anxiety. Common examples of depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, which are frequently used in medical settings to treat anxiety and promote sleep. While the effects can lead to a sense of tranquility, excessive consumption can impair cognitive functioning and motor skills, highlighting the need for caution with their use. The other choices present concepts that do not accurately describe the primary effects of depressants; rather, they pertain to different categories of substances. For instance, stimulants would increase neural activity and body functions, while hallucinogens are known for causing perceptual alterations. Mild euphoric effects are more characteristic of certain drugs that can include both stimulants and some psychoactive substances, but do not reflect the predominant characteristics of depressants.