AP Psychology Practice Test

What is a critical period?

1. A time of rapid learning in adulthood

2. A specific timeframe post-birth when exposure to stimuli influences development

3. A stage of sleep

4. A period of life when a person is most susceptible to disease

The correct answer is: A specific timeframe post-birth when exposure to stimuli influences development

A critical period refers to a specific timeframe post-birth during which the exposure to certain stimuli or experiences has a profound impact on development. This concept is important in various fields of psychology, particularly in developmental psychology, because it highlights the idea that there are windows of opportunity in which an individual's brain is particularly receptive to certain types of input, such as language acquisition or sensory experiences. For example, children have a critical period for language learning, during which they can easily acquire the phonetic nuances of any language to which they are exposed. If the opportunity for such exposure is missed, as in cases of extreme neglect or isolation, the individual may struggle to develop language skills later in life. This concept does not pertain to rapid learning in adulthood, stages of sleep, or susceptibility to disease. Instead, it specifically emphasizes the role of timing in development and how certain experiences must occur during these designated windows to facilitate optimal growth and functioning.