AP Psychology Practice Test

What is a theory?

1. A testable prediction

2. A practical solution to a problem

3. An integrated set of principles that explains observations

4. A replicated research study

The correct answer is: An integrated set of principles that explains observations

The correct answer is that a theory is an integrated set of principles that explains observations. In psychology and the broader scientific context, a theory helps to organize and interpret a wide array of facts and observations, allowing researchers to understand and predict behavior or phenomena. Theories are built upon extensive research and evidence, providing a framework that can explain complex relationships and patterns. In contrast, the other options represent different aspects of scientific inquiry but do not capture the essence of what a theory is. A testable prediction refers specifically to hypotheses derived from theories that can be empirically tested. A practical solution describes an application of knowledge or techniques but lacks the explanatory power of a theory. A replicated research study focuses on the validation of results through repetition rather than explaining the underlying principles of observed phenomena. Thus, option C is the most accurate representation of a theory within the context of psychology.